Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 38: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 37: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 36: The word degradation in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 34: According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a push factor?

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 33: The word They in paragraph 2 refers to _.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 32: The phrase create both opportunities and challenges in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by _.

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Urban Migration and Its Consequences

Urban migration has become a significant trend in the modern world, with millions of people moving from rural areas to cities each year. [I] Currently, more than half of the global population lives in urban centers, and this figure is projected to rise to about 70% by 2050. [II] This phenomenon is driven by various factors that create both opportunities and challenges for urban areas. [III]

Many push factors contribute to this trend. In rural regions, limited access to education and healthcare can compel people to seek better opportunities in cities. Additionally, rural economies often depend heavily on agriculture, making them vulnerable to economic fluctuations and environmental issues. On the other hand, urban centers attract migrants with their promise of diverse job opportunities, better living standards, and access to amenities such as healthcare, education, and entertainment.

However, rapid urbanization also brings significant challenges. Cities often struggle with overcrowding, which can lead to inadequate housing and insufficient public services. As a result, many migrants find themselves living in slums, where conditions can be dire, lacking basic infrastructure like clean water and sanitation. Moreover, the increased population density leads to environmental degradation, including pollution and loss of green spaces.

To mitigate the negative effects of urban migration, city planners must focus on sustainable development. This includes creating affordable housing, improving public transportation, and investing in green spaces to enhance the quality of life for all urban residents. By addressing these issues proactively, cities can provide a better living environment for both new migrants and long-term residents.

Question 31: Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
Urban areas are seen as places of opportunity and promise for many individuals.

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention the economic benefits of renewable energy?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer discuss the environmental impact of a renewable energy source?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 26: The word accessible in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by:

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 25: The word This in paragraph 2 refers to:

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 24: The word replenished in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to:

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B,  C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Renewable Energy

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change, the importance of renewable energy sources has become increasingly evident. Renewable energy, derived from natural processes that are continuously replenished, includes solar, wind, hydroelectric, and geothermal power. These energy sources provide a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This technology has become more efficient and affordable, making solar power accessible to a broader range of consumers. Wind energy, generated by turbines that capture wind currents, is another rapidly growing sector. Wind farms, both onshore and offshore, contribute significantly to electricity grids in many countries.

Hydroelectric power, generated by the movement of water through dams, is one of the oldest forms of renewable energy. While it can produce substantial energy, its environmental impact on local ecosystems has raised concerns. Geothermal energy, which utilizes heat from beneath the Earth’s surface, is less well-known but offers a reliable and consistent power source.

Governments and organizations around the world are investing in renewable energy projects to combat climate change and promote energy independence. Incentives such as tax credits and subsidies encourage individuals and businesses to adopt renewable technologies. Transitioning to renewable energy not only helps reduce carbon emissions but also creates jobs and fosters economic growth.

Question 23: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of renewable energy?

Read the following passage about self-driving cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are set to revolutionize transportation. These cars, equipped with advanced AI systems, can navigate without human input. In 2018, the first commercial self-driving taxi service was launched in Phoenix, Arizona (18) ______. Since then, companies like Tesla, Google’s Waymo, and Uber have invested heavily in the technology. Many believe that autonomous cars (19) ______ will reduce traffic accidents by eliminating human error. While challenges remain, such as legal regulations and safety concerns, the potential benefits are immense.

One of the key technologies behind self-driving cars is LiDAR, which allows the vehicle to sense its surroundings using laser light. With the integration of AI, (20) ______. As a result, autonomous cars are expected to bring numerous benefits, including reduced emissions and less need for parking spaces in urban areas.(21) ______. By using advanced algorithms, Sophia can predict human behavior. (22) ______. She was created with advanced technology to simulate human-like gestures and movements.

Question 22:

Read the following passage about self-driving cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are set to revolutionize transportation. These cars, equipped with advanced AI systems, can navigate without human input. In 2018, the first commercial self-driving taxi service was launched in Phoenix, Arizona (18) ______. Since then, companies like Tesla, Google’s Waymo, and Uber have invested heavily in the technology. Many believe that autonomous cars (19) ______ will reduce traffic accidents by eliminating human error. While challenges remain, such as legal regulations and safety concerns, the potential benefits are immense.

One of the key technologies behind self-driving cars is LiDAR, which allows the vehicle to sense its surroundings using laser light. With the integration of AI, (20) ______. As a result, autonomous cars are expected to bring numerous benefits, including reduced emissions and less need for parking spaces in urban areas.(21) ______. By using advanced algorithms, Sophia can predict human behavior. (22) ______. She was created with advanced technology to simulate human-like gestures and movements.

Question 21:

Read the following passage about self-driving cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are set to revolutionize transportation. These cars, equipped with advanced AI systems, can navigate without human input. In 2018, the first commercial self-driving taxi service was launched in Phoenix, Arizona (18) ______. Since then, companies like Tesla, Google’s Waymo, and Uber have invested heavily in the technology. Many believe that autonomous cars (19) ______ will reduce traffic accidents by eliminating human error. While challenges remain, such as legal regulations and safety concerns, the potential benefits are immense.

One of the key technologies behind self-driving cars is LiDAR, which allows the vehicle to sense its surroundings using laser light. With the integration of AI, (20) ______. As a result, autonomous cars are expected to bring numerous benefits, including reduced emissions and less need for parking spaces in urban areas.(21) ______. By using advanced algorithms, Sophia can predict human behavior. (22) ______. She was created with advanced technology to simulate human-like gestures and movements.

Question 20:

Read the following passage about self-driving cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are set to revolutionize transportation. These cars, equipped with advanced AI systems, can navigate without human input. In 2018, the first commercial self-driving taxi service was launched in Phoenix, Arizona (18) ______. Since then, companies like Tesla, Google’s Waymo, and Uber have invested heavily in the technology. Many believe that autonomous cars (19) ______ will reduce traffic accidents by eliminating human error. While challenges remain, such as legal regulations and safety concerns, the potential benefits are immense.

One of the key technologies behind self-driving cars is LiDAR, which allows the vehicle to sense its surroundings using laser light. With the integration of AI, (20) ______. As a result, autonomous cars are expected to bring numerous benefits, including reduced emissions and less need for parking spaces in urban areas.(21) ______. By using advanced algorithms, Sophia can predict human behavior. (22) ______. She was created with advanced technology to simulate human-like gestures and movements.

Question 19:

Read the following passage about self-driving cars and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles, are set to revolutionize transportation. These cars, equipped with advanced AI systems, can navigate without human input. In 2018, the first commercial self-driving taxi service was launched in Phoenix, Arizona (18) ______. Since then, companies like Tesla, Google’s Waymo, and Uber have invested heavily in the technology. Many believe that autonomous cars (19) ______ will reduce traffic accidents by eliminating human error. While challenges remain, such as legal regulations and safety concerns, the potential benefits are immense.

One of the key technologies behind self-driving cars is LiDAR, which allows the vehicle to sense its surroundings using laser light. With the integration of AI, (20) ______. As a result, autonomous cars are expected to bring numerous benefits, including reduced emissions and less need for parking spaces in urban areas.(21) ______. By using advanced algorithms, Sophia can predict human behavior. (22) ______. She was created with advanced technology to simulate human-like gestures and movements.

Question 18:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 12:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 11:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 10:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 9:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 8:

Hanoi is a modern city with a population of over 8 million people. Over the years, the urban area has gradually (7)________ to over 3,000 sq km including many of the (8)________ surrounding villages. As rural residents move into Ha Noi, the government is providing more affordable housing. More high-rise buildings

have also been built. Ha Noi has improved its transport infrastructure, building new roads and bridges. It is modernising bus services using more electric ones. The Ha Noi Metro opened to the public in 2021 and is (9)       to include more lines by 2030.

(10)      _______urbanisation has  (11)___________ new problems. As more people come to seek better job opportunities, the city is getting more and more crowded. This has (12)     to more traffic jams and higher unemployment rates. Air pollution is also causing concern among city residents.

Question 7:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 6:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 5:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 4:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 3:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 2:

URBANISATION IN RURAL AREAS

     Urbanisation in (1)__________ areas is when villages and small towns start to grow and become more like cities. This happens when people move from big cities to the countryside, looking for a quieter life or  (2)_________________. As more people move to the countryside, these places start to change. New houses, schools, and shops are built. Roads are improved, and there might be more buses and trains. Moreover, urbanisation in rural areas can bring more jobs. When new businesses open, they need workers. This helps local people (3) _____________work without moving (4) ___________ the city. Better schools and hospitals (5) _________ in this area  improve the quality of life for everyone. However, there are also problems. As more people move to rural areas, the cost  of living can go up. Houses become more expensive , and some people might find it hard to afford a home. There can also be more traffic and pollution. Natural areas might be destroyed to (6) _____________ way for new buildings are .

Question 1:

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances  or  sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following question from 13 to 17.

Question 17.

1. It allows you to explore new ideas, cultures, and perspectives from the comfort of your own space.
2. Whether it’s fiction or non-fiction, books can transport you to different worlds or teach you something new.
3. C. Reading is a great way to expand your knowledge and imagination.
4. Overall, reading is both a source of entertainment and a tool for personal growth.
5. Developing a reading habit can improve your vocabulary and critical thinking skills

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances  or  sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following question from 13 to 17.

Question 16.

1. Technology has dramatically transformed the way we communicate.
2. Instant messaging and video calls have replaced traditional letters and phone conversations, making communication faster and more convenient.
3. However, some argue that this shift has reduced face-to-face interactions and weakened personal connections. D. Despite the drawbacks, technology continues to shape how we interact and maintain relationships in the modern world.

E. With the rise of smartphones and social media, people can now stay connected regardless of distance.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances  or  sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following question from 13 to 17.

Question 15 .

Dear Sarah,

1. I wanted to let you know that I’ll be visiting your city next month and would love to catch up.
2. Let me know if you’re free for coffee or dinner.
3. It’s been a while since we last saw each other, and I miss our conversations
4. I hope this letter finds you well.
5. Looking forward to hearing from you soon!

Best regards,
Emma

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances  or  sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following question from 13 to 17.

Question 14

1. Alex: "Did you finish the report for tomorrow's meeting?"
2. Sue : "Do you need any help with that?"
3. Alex : "Actually, yes! Could you review the graphs while I finish the summary?"
4. Sue : "Absolutely, send them over and I’ll take a look."
5. Alex: "Not yet, I’m almost done. I just need to add the final data."

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct arrangement of utterances  or  sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following question from 13 to 17.

Question 13.

1. Nam : "Yes, but I might be a bit late. Can you save a seat for me?"
2. Mark : "Of course! I’ll make sure there’s one next to me."
3. Nam : "Are you coming to the meeting this afternoon?"